allows us to focus on revealed preferences for direct democracy and to identify factors which explain this preference …. Empirical results suggests support for direct democracy is rather related to dissatisfaction with representative democracy in … general than with an elected governing party. …

rely on a regression discontinuity design focusing on close election outcomes. We find that the party of the mayor receives … council elections are held simultaneously. With regard to higher level elections, we find no effect for the party identity of …

the case. Using a new method to detect close election outcomes in multi-party systems, we isolate truly exogenous … majority of his own party gains the most, but the party itself does not. -- Fiscal spending ; local election ; absolute …

The concept party identification lies at the heart of much research on political preferences and behavior in …-Economic Panel Survey (1984-1998), we offer a fresh approach to the concept. Party identification is a stance that people take … negative stance towards one of the parties and a positive stance towards the other major party. Of these, about half display …

). The empirical evidence supports the hypothesis that barriers to entry, aimed at reducing competition, lower research …

positively related to research and development investments, while openness to trade has a negative effect. I also find the …. However, in both sub-samples, research and development investments Granger-cause intellectual property protection levels …, whereas surprisingly, intellectual property protection does not Granger-cause research and development investments. …