Sick leave payments represent a significant portion of public health expenditures and labor costs. Reductions in … percent. We show theoretically that the net reform effects on long-term absenteeism can be disentangled into a direct and an …

this reform on the probabilities of being self-employed and transition into and out of self-employment, using cross …

slotting fees may emerge as a result of a rent-shifting mechanism when consumer shopping costs are taken into account. If … consumers economize on their shopping costs by bundling their purchases, their buying decision depends rather on the price for … retail outlet. If the complementarity effect resulting from shopping costs dominates the original substitution effect, the …

In a framework with an upstream monopoly and a downstream duopoly, we analyze the impact of convex costs on the … downstream level. In contrast to the case of constant marginal costs, vertical integration does not imply complete market …

Empirical work on price-cost margins often treats costs as exogenous. Allowing for endogenous costs when estimating … third equation, which endogenizes costs. We implement the model using data for eight European airlines from 1976-1994, and … show that the treatment of endogenous costs has important implications for the measurement of price-cost margins and the …

nation-specific costs of having children as measured by time-budget data, by attitude data from the International Social … standard welfare-state typologies. Definitive conclusions are difficult because of the multiple dimensions on which child costs … can be measured, the possibility that child costs affect both the quantum and the tempo of fertility, the relatively small …

-up procedures of thermal power plants may become an increasing concern, both for costs and possibly also for market design. Based on … official scenario assumptions, we investigate how start-ups and related costs develop in Germany, where the share of … related costs increase by half. The relative share of start-up costs in overall variable costs of thermal plants grows only …