such rules in Japan and in the EU. Comparing the performance of fiscal policy in the 1980s and 1990s until 2003, we find … rule of the Maastricht Treaty had a significant impact on political budget cycles in the EU, but did little to constrain … fiscal rule in the EU has vanished. Next, we discuss the importance of budgetary institutions for the effectiveness of fiscal …

This paper provides a study of bond yield differentials among EU government bonds issued between 1993 and 2005 on the … by EU countries and Germany or the USA contain risk premiums which increase with fiscal imbalances and depend negatively …

that risk premiums incurred by central governments of EU member states respond positively to central government debts and … at work in European government bond markets supports the notion that the no-bailout clause in the EU Treaty is credible …