In all four countries health care expenditures grow while the revenue remains at the same level or even shrinks in many cases. Due to medical progress, ageing and many other factors the gap is widening over time. The pay-as-you-go approach is running against limits either with rising employer...

Rising costs in pharmaceutical expenditure have become a major concern for policy makers in Germany over the last years. Therefore the pharmaceutical market in Germany has been increasingly targeted by different kinds of regulations, focussing both on the supply and the demand side, using price,...

Die vollzogene Gesundheitsreform eröffnet im Rahmen des Sozialgesetzbuches neue Möglichkeiten für Managed Care Lösungen. Bislang basierte das System auf Kollektivverträgen während Managed Care selektives Kontrahieren von Versicherungen mit Leistungsanbietern vorsieht. Im Ergebnis soll der...

This paper discusses the influence of recent health care reform acts in Germany on choice, guidance and access from the perspective of patients, insured, insurers, and health care providers. Particular emphasis is put on health policy reforms since 2004, i.e. the Social Health Insurance...