electrification requires detailed knowledge about the determinants of consumer demand for electricity in rural, low-income settings … barriers to electrification for rural, low-income households. It does so my requiring down payments which are small relative to …

Access to drinking water infrastructure in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) has increased over the last 30 … improvements differed within and across contexts. For example, landlords renting to low-income households had lower effective … demand over a one-year service period than those renting to middle-income households despite similar initial rates of payment …