The utilities price regulation in the United States has historically been made by a state commission. Nevertheless, this regulatory system does not incentive cost controls within the utilities. In order to rectify this situation the regulatory commissions have changed their view to one of...

About 1970 until 1990, the federal regulatory policy in the United States experiences an deep and wide change. In the first place regulation was dramatically expanded. But immediately a contraction of economic regulation took place. Prince, benefits, and entry controls in sectors such as...

This paper reviews the main attributes of the electric sector and analyses from an institutional perspective the challenges of increasing the generation supply. Although the sector evolved with regulated monopolies, this institution creates its own costs; there is a trade of between the costs...

From the Political Economy point of view, the big utilities-subsidized energy efficiency programs in the latest eighties and the former nineties, the capacity to use the utilities for this end depends ultimately on the institutional continuity of the regulated monopolies of the electricity...