[eng] We estimate the two main drivers of technological innovation in the energy sector : demand mechanisms and supply mechanisms. We study eleven efficient and renewable energy technologies in four countries : Germany, France, Japan, and the United States. Innovation activity is proxied by...

[eng] The Value of French Patent Protection Assessed by Renewals.. In this article, we compute the value of patent protection obtained through application for patents at the French Patent Office (INPI ), using patent renewal data and values of renewal fees payable to maintain patents in force,...