In this paper, we propose an alternative approach to estimate long-term risk. Instead of using the static square root method, we use a dynamic approach based on volatility forecasting by non-linear models. We explore the possibility of improving the estimations by different models and...

Assets, debts and other financial products issued by emerging countries are usually considered more speculative than those issued by developed economies. Therefore, relying on traditional rating agencies to invest in these countries is problematic as the information used to assess the economic...

In this paper, a new corporate ratings methodology is proposed. In this innovating approach corporate ratings are calibrated from data with different frequency in two-steps. Information of firms' credit quality from annual accounting ratios and daily credit derivative spreads yields are combined...