The limited-line discount store as grocery retailing format succeeded in continuously increasing its market share in Europe as well as in other parts of the world. The business model of hard discounting applied by the German retailers Aldi and Lidl proved to be particularly successful. By...

The notion of the retail format focuses traditionally on the strategic marketing aspect and the specific configurations of the retail marketing mix. Retail marketing concepts are however a concomitant of specific operating cost and return on capital structures as well as of specific labour and...

Label focused vertical distribution systems like Esprit, S.Oliver and Swarovski are based on integrated labeling, vertical supply chains and multiple distribution channels and formats of various kinds. These three core elements are systematically interlinked in the distribution system and...

In non-food consumer goods branches of goods of medium and long term demand new business models are pushing through which are based on a simultaneous redesign of branding strategy, value chain and final retail distribution. The new vertical companies with brand focused distribution systems...