convergence. We apply three approaches to convergence – beta-convergence, sigma-convergence and quantile-convergence (q-convergence … check if countries of the given sample tend to form convergence clubs in the relevant years. The analysis is run for the …

integration, convergence in the European retail payments market is measured during the period 1995-2011 for the most used retail … estimating convergence are used: sigma convergence and beta convergence. There is some evidence of convergence for all payment … instruments has declined over time in Europe. The pace of convergence has picked up since the introduction of the single currency …

estimation of a conditional convergence model. In general, reliance on natural resource exports slows growth, but we find that …

, their wholesale national gas markets are highly heterogeneous. We study the determinants of cross-country convergence of … pairwise, relative and σ-convergence. We show that there is evidence of pairwise price convergence and that some key … the existence of a convergence process. This result carries over to the notion of σ-convergence and is robust to a number …

and simulate energy intensity based on a conditional convergence approach, and show how based on the results the long …