In order to understand why there is a continuous increase in euro banknote circulation even though the use of cash for … workstream of the Eurosystem Research Network on Cash (EURECA) 1 have conducted a study on the foreign demand for euro banknotes … factors behind the demand for euro banknotes, for both store-of-value and transaction purposes. In particular, euro cash flows …

Although euro banknotes and coins have been in circulation for fifteen years, not much is known about the actual use of … cash by households. This paper presents an estimation of the number and value of cash transactions in all 19 euro area … the value of cash usage by households in the euro area date from 2008. Since then some central banks have carried out …

requirements and holdings of equivalent central bank deposits – has tended to accumulate in specific euro area countries and in a … differences across the euro area and the “home bias” in euro area government bond holdings. Overall, the net cross-border flows of …

account of the change in the circulation of euro banknotes and the use of cash in transactions during the pandemic; and (2) to …In the light of fears that the SARS-CoV-2 virus might be transmitted via cash – fears that were stoked by statements in … assess the survivability of the virus on cash and the potential transmission risks. The pandemic has caused a significant …

the digital euro, the features already envisaged for its design would make it possible to minimise the risk of negative …

look like? This paper assesses the overall prospects of instant payments in the euro area. It identifies structural drivers …

look like? This paper assesses the overall prospects of instant payments in the euro area. It identifies structural drivers …

indicate an increase, over recent years, in the level of excess liquidity required in the euro area to avoid a rise in short …

euro changeover in 2002. Banknotes in circulation also provide a strong base for seigniorage income, which is an important …

background, this paper assesses stablecoins' implications for the euro area based on three scenarios for the uptake of …