nominal and real effective exchange rate indices of the euro. Building on the work of Buldorini et al. (2002), it shows how … manufactured goods (taking account of third market effects), the trading partners selected, and the choice of deflators for … developments for both the euro area as a whole and individual Member States. While the growing importance of China is reflected in …

) indicators of the euro. This framework yields two sets of indicators: (i) one nominal and several real EER indices against a … narrow reference group of euro area trading partners based on different price and cost deflators; and (ii) a nominal and a … industrial and newly industrialised euro area partner countries, while the broad group is made up of 38 trading partners …

between exchange rates and prices, showing that there is at most a moderate decline in exchange rate pass-through for the euro … of euro area exports to exchange rate changes may have declined somewhat as a result of globalisation, reflecting mainly … exchange rates on GDP and the potential role of valuation effects as a transmission channel in the case of the euro area …

Well-functioning economic structures are key for resilient and prospering euro area economies. The global financial and … sovereign debt crises exposed the limited resilience of the euro area's economic structures. Economic growth was masking … underlying weaknesses in several euro area countries. With the inception of the crises, significant efforts have been undertaken …

This paper reviews the debate on the longer-term requirements for safeguarding the euro as a currency beyond the state … financial governance in the wake of the euro area crisis goes a long way towards creating the minimum conditions for a more … required' to stabilise the euro area as a whole rather than sharing their sovereignty in common institutions to achieve this …

account of the change in the circulation of euro banknotes and the use of cash in transactions during the pandemic; and (2) to …

In order to understand why there is a continuous increase in euro banknote circulation even though the use of cash for … transactions is decreasing in the euro area – a phenomenon known as the paradox of banknotes – the members of the Overseas … workstream of the Eurosystem Research Network on Cash (EURECA) 1 have conducted a study on the foreign demand for euro banknotes …

last two waves of EU enlargement have had on Russia, as well as the role of the euro in Russia. The analysis suggests that … euro by Russian residents and authorities in international transactions has increased, albeit at an uneven pace. While, in … general, the US dollar remains the major foreign currency used by Russian residents, the euro has gained importance as an …

The paper provides an analysis of the euro area money and bond markets and their infrastructure since the introduction … of the euro. Significant development in terms of integration took place in both markets in general to a various degree … notably regarding the bond market which lags behind in terms of liquidity, market completeness and overall size compared to …

Well-functioning economic structures are key for resilient and prospering euro area economies. The global financial and … sovereign debt crises exposed the limited resilience of the euro area’s economic structures. Economic growth was masking … underlying weaknesses in several euro area countries. With the inception of the crises, significant efforts have been undertaken …