As the euro area has a predominantly bank-based financial system, changes in the composition and strength of banks … developments in banks' balance sheets, profitability and risk-bearing capacity and analyses their relevance for monetary policy. We …

Mechanism (SSM), which started operating in November 2014, is an essential step towards restoring banks to health and rebuilding … euro area and for supervising all euro area banks in order to ensure their safety and soundness, some directly and some …

could even increase. If bank deposits do decrease, banks would need to draw on, and therefore reduce, their central bank … banks to scale up their demand for central bank reserves in order to hold larger precautionary buffers. Consequently …, central banks might need to adjust their reserve supply and other features of their monetary policy implementation, depending …

normally conducted by national central banks under the impulse and instructions from the ECB, the Eurosystem balance sheet is …

, involving all national central banks (NCBs), usefully contribute to the regular processing of a vast amount of economic …

Central banks have been discussing the introduction of a retail central bank digital currency (rCBDC) for some time … significant constraints on central bank design choices and policy goals. In fact, in some settings, central banks may find … themselves on the horns of a dilemma in seeking to balance the needs to (i) preserve the central bank’s hierarchy of policy goals …

-interest rate credit conditions and terms, the risk perception of banks and the willingness of banks to lend. Credit standards are … the internal guidelines or criteria of a bank which reflect the bank’s loan policy. The terms and conditions of a loan …

in underpinning the credibility, accountability and legitimacy of independent central banks. It documents how … expert and non-expert audiences is essential in an environment of an ever-increasing need by central banks to reach these … audiences. Central banks must also meet the demand for more understandable information about policies and tools, while at the …