firms? And in the European context, have key elements of the EU strategy such as EMU and enlargement helped or hindered … competition drives less productive firms out the market, thereby increasing average productivity as well as reducing average … located in participating economies. Enlargement has, instead, two contrasting effects. It improves the accessibility of EU …

intensity of competition in firms' product markets, on the importance of collective wage bargaining and on other structural and …

This paper is the first that applies a new measure of competition, the Boone indicator, to the banking industry. This … approach is able to measure competition of bank market segments, such as the loan market, whereas many well - known measures of … competition can consider the entire banking market only. A caveat of the Boone - indicator may be that it assumes that banks …

Payment scale economies affect banking costs, competition in payment services, and pricing. Our scale measure relates … are primarily due to mix, not scale. Also, since standard indicators of competition can give inconsistent results, a …. Existing differences in bank prices (EC report) are associated with small differences in competition …

In this paper we explore the link between the intensity of product market competition and inflation rates across EU … over time and as alternative proxies of competition we use the level of mark-up, profit margin, the profit rate and a … survey based “intensity of competition” variable. Results for both aggregate and sectoral panels show that the extent of …