Using a unique dataset of the Euro area and the U.S. bank lending standards, we find that low (monetary policy) short … securitization activity, weak supervision for bank capital and too low for too long monetary policy rates. Conversely, low long …

Policy makers often decide to liberalize foreign bank entry but at the same time restrict the mode of entry. We study …

Europe’s financial structure has become strongly bank-based – far more so than in other economies. We document that an … paper concludes by discussing policy solutions to Europe’s “bank bias”, which include reducing regulatory favouritism …

deposits towards non-deposit liabilities. We find that unobserved time-invariant bank fixed effects are ultimately the most … important determinant of banks' capital structures and that banks' leverage converges to bank specific, time invariant targets …

natural experiment to study the effects of reduced bank capital adequacy on productivity. Affected banks respond not only by …

bank health and the consequences for aggregate productivity in 11 European countries. Controlling for cyclical effects, the … Europe may at least partly stem from bank forbearance. The increasing survival of zombie firms congests markets and … around one-third of the impact of zombie congestion on capital misallocation can be directly attributed to bank health and …

We analyze the effect of bank capital requirements on the structure and risk of a financial system where markets …

We develop a dynamic structural model of bank behaviour that provides a microeconomic foundation for bank capital and …