This paper studies the causal effect of gender bias on access to bank credit. We extract an exogenous measure of gender … are more frequently discouraged from applying for bank credit and more likely to rely on informal finance. At the same … not driven by credit risk differences between female- and male-owned firms or by any idiosyncrasies in the set of …

contrast to recent findings for the US, we find that in the euro area changes in the supply of credit, both in terms of volumes … and in terms of credit standards applied on loans to enterprises, have significant effects on real economic activity ….This highlights the importance of the monitoring of credit developments in the toolkit of monetary policy and underpins the reasoning …

and the 2010-2012 European sovereign crisis. This effect is attenuated for banks with lower credit risk, sounder capital …

This paper proposes a tractable way to incorporate lending standards ("credit qualification thresholds") into macro … rate sufficiently compensates banks for the borrowers’ default risk. Firms denied credit cut employment and labor … credit supply disruptions. That is, for the same increase in credit spreads, output falls faster when denial rates are …

borrower characteristics as well as internal and external credit scores. Our results suggest that relationships of all kinds … have inherent private information and are valuable in screening, in monitoring, and in reducing consumers' incentives to …

This paper aims to shed light on the characteristics and particularly the determinants of credit-less recoveries. After … building a dataset and documenting some stylised facts of credit-less recoveries in emerging market economies, this paper uses … panel probit models to analyse key determinants of credit-less recoveries. Our main findings are the following. First, our …

loan officers' compensation, banks' use of soft information in credit approval, and their lending standards. When … more competition, banks lower lending standards, may choose to disregard soft and use only hard information in their credit …

uncollateralized credit. We find that this kind of policy is more successful in suppressing equity price swings than moderating output …