-level competitiveness in Europe. We differ from standard TFP studies at the firm level as we simultaneously allow for inefficiency, noise … Germany as benchmark countries and Spain lagging behind) and a wide technology gap, (ii) we confirm the absence of convergence … in TFP between the seven selected countries, (iii) we confirm that the technology gap is more pronounced for smaller …

, within each industry, but also their joint analysis with the productivity of the firm provides critical insights to both …

developed research infrastructure. Beyond aggregate information available from industry statistics of Eurostat or EU KLEMS, the …

divergence in unit labour costs between the countries in Northern Europe and the countries in Southern and Eastern Europe may … thus partly be the result of capital flows from the core of Europe to the periphery prior to the global financial crisis …

framework allows us to disentangle the effects of technology and freeness of entry from those of accessibility (i.e. the ease … members but it also increases substantially the relative importance of unproductive competitors from Eastern Europe …