regions in the form of spillovers and network externalities. The regression results highlight the impact of infrastructural …

candidate countries from the EBRD's region of operations will become EU members by early 2004, in time to participate in the EU … become contingent on the success of internal reforms in the EU. Inadequate reforms of European institutions may also pose … obstacles to successful EU candidates that wish to join European Monetary Union (EMU) at an early date. The body making monetary …

done; these countries remain at per capita income levels well below those of the poorest EU members (1). …

Most new EU member states (NMS) need further fiscal adjustment to support economic growth and macroeconomic stability …. In this context, achieving income convergence with other EU members rests more with maintaining productivity growth … depress public investment. New financing options for public investment - including from various EU funds and through public …

This paper analyses the role of public-private partnerships (PPPs) for infrastructure development in the new EU member … states and candidate countries in Central and Eastern Europe. We survey projects in transport, water, energy, and … unrealistic demand projections. However, the conditions for successful PPPs have considerably improved, partly due to EU …