candidate countries from the EBRD's region of operations will become EU members by early 2004, in time to participate in the EU … become contingent on the success of internal reforms in the EU. Inadequate reforms of European institutions may also pose … obstacles to successful EU candidates that wish to join European Monetary Union (EMU) at an early date. The body making monetary …

Most new EU member states (NMS) need further fiscal adjustment to support economic growth and macroeconomic stability …. In this context, achieving income convergence with other EU members rests more with maintaining productivity growth … depress public investment. New financing options for public investment - including from various EU funds and through public …

This paper analyses the role of public-private partnerships (PPPs) for infrastructure development in the new EU member … unrealistic demand projections. However, the conditions for successful PPPs have considerably improved, partly due to EU …

countries of central Europe - the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia - approach EU membership and … and the process of convergence to EU income levels. …

system has evolved towards one which EU countries have long been accustomed to. Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC …) are now on the brink of EU membership, and accession to the European Union requires the implementation of the acquis … have already been transformed to such an extent that the supervisory and legal framework has more or less reached EU …

done; these countries remain at per capita income levels well below those of the poorest EU members (1). …