Risk diversification is important to all investors. However, commercial real estate investors in the UK tend to concentrate their holdings in relatively few properties; as a consequence they are vulnerable to significant risk of underperforming the overall market or a target rate of return....

[abstract missing - contribution appeared in the programme]

The present value model states that the price of an asset is equal to the properly discounted future cash flows generated by this piece of asset. This view needs to be modified in real estate markets. Agents in a real estate market can be broadly divided into those who buy to use and those who...

As is well established, commercial real estate is a highly specific asset: heterogeneous, indivisible and with less information transparency than most other commonly held investment assets. These attributes negatively affect the liquidity of the asset and encourage the use of intermediaries...

In this paper, we propose and implement the concept of Liability Driven Investment within the context of defined contribution pension funds, which do not have implicit liabilities. We adopt a transitional approach, by moving from a one period mean variance analysis through to a dynamic...

Studies of the patterns of risk and returns in commercial property and of the application of portfolio theory in real estate typically have based their analysis on data aggregated by geography and sector. Thus, for example, UK studies seeking to identify ways of structuring a real estate...

A considerable body of research exists on how office rents and vacancy rates adjust in response to changes in demand and supply. In particular, recent research has settled upon an Error Correction Model (ECM) approach for investigating how adjustment occurs. Some recent studies have applied an...

The nature of private commercial real estate markets presents difficulties for monitoring market performance. Assets are heterogeneous and spatially dispersed, trading is infrequent and there is no central market place in which prices and cash flows of properties can be easily observed....

Depreciation is a key element of understanding the returns from and price of commercial real estate. Understanding its impact is important for asset allocation models and asset management decisions. It is a key input into well-constructed pricing models and its impact on indices of commercial...

This study investigates the extent to which returns from the listed real estate sector are related to returns in the direct real estate market for the US and for six European countries: France, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK. Past research has often used valuation based...