The “Asian miracle” ended in the autumn of 1997 when many East Asian economies fell victim to the Asian crisis. In this study, we analyse the reasons for the crisis and its effects on the world economy. We study why market players were unable to predict the crisis and identify the main...

The report analyses and assesses different alternatives for the development of the European Union as well as their implications for both the EU itself and Finland. The analysis is based on different political and economic scenarios. At the heart of the first scenario are the various measures the...

In 1995 Finland joined, together with Sweden and Austria, the European Union. The integration strategy of Finland is to be an active partner in shaping Union policies. In concrete terms, this has meant that Finland was among the countries to join EMU in its conception in 1999. Another example of...

Energy industries in Russia and in Northwest Russia in particular are of the utmost importance and occupy the largest shares in the total industrial production and exports. Northwest Russia is developing into the major export hub for the Russian energy exports. It means that the appropriate...

This study examines the Northwest Russian forest industry, traditionally the regions most important industry, its competitiveness and future prospects. The transition to the market economy and privatization have left their mark on the industry. Demand and markets have changed, requiring new...

Internationalisation is not limited to manufacturing. It also extending to innovation as firms spread their research and development (R&D) across the globe. Firms are increasingly dependent on interaction with foreign partners and competitors, and they are becoming more reliant on locations...