the international comparisons, the price formation of the food chain, degree of concentration, competition, and the …, competition works in Finland just as well in agriculture, the foodstuffs industry and the wholesale and retail trade as it does in … from the standpoint of competition and consumer choice; the position of small producers can best be improved by fostering …

The use of traditional industry-level profitability indicators for assessing the state of competition is problematic … for two reasons. First, short-term variation reflects business cycles more than it does the impact of competition policy …. Second, rough industry-level indicators hide different mechanisms that are dependent on competition but may affect …

We estimate the macroeconomic benefits and international spillovers of an increase in competition using a general …-equilibrium simulation model with nominal rigidities and monopolistic competition in product and labor markets. We draw three conclusions … after calibrating the model to the euro area against the rest of the industrial world. First, greater competition produces …

financial system in which there is intense competition among banks for private households' funds. Following earlier work by … contracts is restrained by households' financial market access. However, we also assume spatial monopolistic competition among … monopoly rents also entails a positive effect; however, this beneficial effect is only relevant if competition among banks does …

and economic activity have declined in recent years. These results have implications for investors, bank regulators, and …

to monetary policy differs across small banks that are affiliated with the same bank holding company but operate in … affects the response of bank lending. We find evidence that the negative response of bank loan growth to a monetary …