This study analyzes the sustainability implications of demographic and investment risks in the Finnish private sector pension system (TyEL). The results show that current contribution rate is likely to be too low to finance the future higher expenditure. The main sustainability problem is not,...

Moral hazard means that people with insurance may take greater risks because they know they do not bear the full consequences of their actions. This can occur with both private insurance and social insurance. Deductibles can be used to alleviate the problem. An interesting way to bring...

In order to shed light on the consequences of the ongoing financial crisis, ETLA conducted two surveys at the end of October 2008. The firm survey targeted firms employing at least 10 persons in Finland (2,017 observations with a response rate of 33%) and the consumer survey targeted...

The study analyses the price formation and market functionality of the Finnish food chain. A significant portion of the report consists of international comparisons. The main comparison countries are the so-called old EU countries (EU15) of Western Europe, the new EU countries (EU12) and the...

Suomen arvonlisäys työtuntia kohden oli EU15, Yhdysvaltoja, Saksaa ja Ruotsia huonompi vuonna 1997. Tehdasteollisuudessa ja sen viidellä alatoimialalla sekä rakentamisessa ja tukkukaupassa Suomen työn tuottavuuden taso oli korkeampi kuin vertailumaissa. Vuonna 2004 Suomen työn tuottavuus...