This paper discusses the outcomes of university-industry interaction from the perspective of an individual academic researcher. Two contributions are made to the extant literature. First, in the existing research, the focus has mostly been on outcomes such as university-based patenting,...

The importance of customer relationships as a source of suppliers’ innovative activity and competence accumulation has been widely recognised. The more a relationship involves collaboration and creative, non-standardised customer solutions, the more there is potential for the development of...

This paper is the first effort to analyze the intangible investments of the Finnish non-financial business sector in 1975–2005 with a heretofore unseen scope of intangible investments in line with the definition of Corrado, Hulten and Sichel (2005, 2006). Not only GDP but also investments have...

This empirical study examines small firms’ strategies towards appropriating the returns to their investments in innovation and finds that they are qualitatively different from those found in earlier studies of more generally representative samples of firms. First, few of the smallest firms...

A company’s intellectual capital consists of a set of various non-physical sources of value, such as employee competencies, stakeholder relationships and patents. This paper examines the relationship between intellectual capital and productivity at company-level. It is based on a conceptual...

Collaborative product development plays a pertinent role in many buyer-supplier relationships. It typically involves innovative components as the outcome of customisation and related R&D activities. The allocation of intellectual property rights (IPRs, e.g., patent, copyright, and trade secret)...

We use the data compiled from the USPTO patent and patent citations concerning the patented knowledge intensive technologies in three areas: cryptography, image analysis and data processing/software. The data is restricted to those patents between the years 1980-2003 that have two or more...