In case C-533/08 TNT Express, the Court of Justice interpreted Article 71 of Regulation 44/2001 (the Brussels Regulation) which provides that the Regulation ‘shall not affect any conventions to which the Member States are parties and which in relation to particular matters, govern jurisdiction...

How do judges engage with foreign case law? While prior research identified some instances where courts are willing to cite foreign judgments, details about the mode of engagement and the motivation of such cross-citations are often left unexplored. This article aims to fill these gaps. It...