is well known. How- ever, informational asymmetries create the need for adequate instruments to prevent fraud. This paper …, monitoring may be the best instrument for preventing fraud. When income-generating ability is the only unobservable variable …

the positive effects of the new technology: the ratio between fraud and ATM-POS transactions (card fraud loss rate) is …

in Djibouti by both the macroeconomic and microeconomic analysis. The review shows that institutional habits (corruption …

Purpose – This paper assesses the determinants of corruption-control with freedom dynamics (economic, political, press … characteristic, the following findings have been established. (1) While political freedom increases corruption-control (CC) in a … tradition improves CC. Originality/value – We complement the literature on the fight against corruption in Africa by employing …

This paper examines the relationship between corruption and infrastructure at both the country and regional level using … the measure of corruption in the macro data and the measures of transportation and electricity infrastructure. Countries … with more corruption tend to have worse infrastructure in the eyes of their firms. This link is shown to remain when one …

The vulnerability of health sector to corruption lies in the complex interaction between the social environment and the … corruption on health expenditure. In Italy corruption is a social phenomenon. Health sector has been often involved in corruption … o¤ences and decentralized health expenditure is considerably out of control. We show that the impact of corruption on …

suggests thaht corruption, which is likely to emerge in long term reciprocal relationships between public officials and …

Drawing from the literature on the determinants of corruption, this article examines the relationship between … corruption and the nature of state of fragility. Robust empirical evidence shows a correlation between the level of corruption … neither flowing from state fragility to classical corruption nor to extreme corruption. S’enregistrant dans la littérature sur …

cost of corruption during the period of 2001-2009 was Rp73.1 trillion (about US $7.86 billion). In this paper, total … of corruption and total financial punishment sentenced shall be borne by the tax payers. Logistic and Tobin’s logistic … who committed petty and small scales corruption tend to be punished more severely than their medium, large and grand …