We use a data set of federal corruption convictions in the U.S. to investigate the causes and consequences of … corruption. More educated states, and to a less degree richer states, have less corruption. This relationship holds even when we … today. The level of corruption is weakly correlated with the level of income inequality and racial fractionalization, and …

developing nation today. We construct a "corruption and fraud index" using word counts from a large number of newspapers for 1815 … the "corruption and fraud index" is about five times its level from the end of the Progressive Era to the 1970s. If the … was checkered with political scandal and widespread corruption that would not seem unusual compared with the most corrupt …

for public ownership came from corruption then associated with private ownership of utilities and public transportation … the firm's available cash, public firms may lead to less corruption. Public ownership is also predicted to create …

charged language in the half century after 1870.From 1870 to 1920, when corruption appears to have declined significantly … seems a reasonable hypothesis that the rise of the informative press was one of the reasons why the corruption of the Gilded …