The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is one of the most studied topics in Operations Research. Among the numerous variants of the VRP, this research addresses the VRP with relaxed priority rules (VRP-RPR) in which customers are assigned to several priority groups and customers with the highest...

A cross-docking terminal enables consolidating and sorting fast-moving products along supply chain networks and reduces warehousing costs and transportation efforts. The target efficiency of such logistic systems results from synchronizing the physical and information flows while scheduling...

In this paper, we study the hierarchical hub network design problem with a ring-star-star structure. In this problem, the hubs are located in two layers. In the first layer, central hubs (main hubs) are located in a ring structure, and in the second layer, secondary hubs are located. Each...