This study provides a test of Becker's hypothesis that wage discrimination within an industry depends on the degree of market competition by analyzing earnings in a deregulated transportation sector--the motor bus industry. The empirical findings provide strong support for the hypothesis that...

Sexual discrimination in labor hiring was measured using a controlled experimental approach. Carefully-matched pairs of written applications were made in response to advertised job vacancies in the Australian State of Victoria. Statistically significant discrimination against females was...

The extent to which ethnic discrimination affected the employment opportunities of immigrants at the turn of the century is a topic of continuing interest to economic historians. While some studies find that immigrants did experience occupational crowding, the evidence regarding the general...

Relying on 1986 and 1993 Bulgarian cross-sectional household surveys, the essay examines evidence of a decrease in gender earnings differentials in the country's transition to a market economy. Women's gains in the early transition are due to both changes in the relative returns to skill and...

There is evidence that shifts in the demand for labor are disadvantaging young black men. To help explain this change, we analyze a set of quantitative measures derived from face-to-face interviews of employers in Detroit and Los Angeles. The measures encompass employer skill demands, hiring...

This article examines differences in the labor force participation rates of black and white married women using a micro-level data set describing low-income Chicago families in 1925. The higher participation rate of black women in the sample is explained in part by higher annual earnings of...

This paper examines the problems generated by three firm-based analyses of discrimination. Besides the detailed difficulties associated with each of these studies, a common failing is ignoring worker behavior, an error that can cause considerable bias in estimating discrimination.

In 1983, 81 percent of white male full-time workers participated in employer-supported health plans and 54 percent in employer-supported pension plans. White full-time females, in contrast, participated at the rates of 71 percent and 43 percent. This study measures the unexplained portion of...

Using household data from the 1983 Survey of Consumer Finances, the hypothesis that there is no discrimination against protected groups in the provision of credit is tested. Using household data avoids the inherent sample selectivity problem of other research based on analyses of applicant data....