This article discusses the economic effects of a potential cut-off of the German economy from Russian energy imports. We show that the effects are likely to be substantial but manageable. In the short run, a stop of Russian energy imports would lead to a GDP decline in range between 0.5% and 3%...

The notion of sectoral approaches – in which developing and emerging economies are incentivized to undertake efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions intensity or growth in key industrial sectors, potentially with assistance from developed countries – play an important role in the debate...