Patterns of forest cover and forest degradation determine the size and types of ecosystem services forests provide …. Particularly in low-income countries, nontimber forest product (NTFP) extraction by rural people, which provides important … resources and income to the rural poor, contributes to the level and pattern of forest degradation. Although recent policy …

transportation fuel. This is because previously stored forest carbon is released to the atmosphere as CO2. The debt is eventually …

Forest land use is often associated with the protection of water resources from contamination and the reduced cost of … drinking water supply. This study attempted to measure the value of the forest on the quality of water resources from a …. We found a significant negative effect of forest land use on water costs. We found no evidence of spatial spillovers …

The impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems are among the key reasons for concern about climate change. Integrated … review several recent studies of the impacts of climate change on biodiversity and show that the biodiversity value function … in the FUND integrated assessment model is insensitive to predicted biodiversity loss, instead depending almost entirely …

Biodiversity is a highly complex and abstract ecological concept. Even though it is not one physical entity, it … economic valuation of biodiversity, it remains to be a particularly challenging ‘valuation object’. Valuation practitioners … therefore have to use proxies for biodiversity, many of which are very simple (single species, habitats). This paper presents a …

Payments for environmental services (PES) are widely adopted to support the conservation of biodiversity and other …

experiment designed to estimate the non-market values for a proposed biodiversity enhancement programme in New Zealand's planted … planted forests, influenced willingness to pay for biodiversity enhancement. …