Technological sovereignty can be defined as the ability of a country to guarantee access at all times to the key technologies that are necessary to meet social priorities and needs. Despite having different competences, the countries analyzed focus largely on the same fields of technology that...

Digital skills are positively related to employment prospects and productivity of older workers. They also enable older workers to work in high-paying jobs. Fortunately, digital skills can be acquired and honed at all ages. Policymakers should incentivize employers to offer more training for the...

Universities exert a positive impact on the development of a region. They increase employment in high-tech and knowledgeintensive industries and raise long-term wages. Research results from universities are the basis for technological progress, new products, and start-ups. Framework conditions...

Research and Development (R&D) is crucial to secure continued economic growth and prosperity. Private sector investments in R&D are typically too low, which constitutes a market failure. Governments use R&D tax credit schemes to compensate for this failure. Input-based tax credit schemes and...