We analyse the international transmission of interest rates by focusing on the role of the accumulation of international reserves and on the financing of sovereign debt. An increase in foreign exchange reserves is expected to moderate the influence of U.S. interest rates. However, a high level...

We link governments' spending efficiency scores, to sovereign debt assessments made by financial markets', more specifically by three rating agencies (Standard & Poors, Moody's and Fitch). Public efficiency scores are computed via data envelopment analysis. Then, we rely notably on ordered...