to political debates that emphasise the cost of EU spending rather than the benefits, and add to the perception of the EU … budget in terms of net balances, rather than value added. • The financing of the EU budget must be reassessed in the light of … the July 2020 decision to launch the Next Generation EU programme. Budget resources could include a plastics charge, a …

This paper discusses the introduction of new own resources to finance the EU budget. Currently roughly two thirds of … criticised for leading to political debates that emphasise the cost of EU spending rather than on the benefits, and for … contributing to the framing of discussions on the EU budget in terms of net balances, rather than value added through common …

The slow-down in productivity and income over the past decade has weakened the European Union’s output legitimacy … across and within EU countries. It is estimated that remaining non-tariff obstacles, in particular in services sectors, limit … intra-EU trade to a level about four times smaller than the intensity of trade between US states. By completing the single …

trade policy scenarios that may arise from new geopolitical risks. We describe the EU’s recent decline in importance as an … international trading partner, while for the EU itself global trade dependency has increased. We show that this dependence is highly … economic impact of several policy-driven de-globalization scenarios for Europe, for individual EU member states, different …

From the earliest announcement of the European Green Deal, the current EU political cycle has been defined by an … engage stakeholders, including various external shocks, the EU has put forward and largely passed an unprecedented … legislative agenda, which was meant to have, and is having, deep impacts on the EU economy and society at large. Much has changed …