The effects of innovational outliers and additive outliers in cointegrated vector autoregressive models are examined and it is analyzed how outliers can be modelled with dummy variables. A Monte Carlo simulation illustrates that additive outliers are more distortionary than innovational...

This paper suggests a set of simple diagnostic tools for assessing the influence of a patch of κ observations in a cointegrated vector autoregressive model. The diagnostics are based on the leave-κ-out principle ( Bruce and Martin, 1989Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 51,...