and hence makes the test valid for any (T, N) combination. The asymptotic distributions of the tests are derived under the null and are shown to be normally distributed. Their moments for T fixed are derived analytically using Ghazal's (1994, Statistics and Probability letters 20, 313--319) ¹...

This paper proposes a residual-based Lagrange multiplier (LM) test for a null that the individual observed series are stationary around a deterministic level or around a deterministic trend against the alternative of a unit root in panel data. The tests which are asymptotically similar under the...

We examine the ability of two recent methods -- the smoothed implied volatility smile method (SML) and the density functionals based on confluent hypergeometric functions (DFCH) -- for estimating implied risk-neutral densities (RNDs) from European-style options. Two complementary Monte Carlo...