Fund Management today uses the active and passive way to construct a portfolio. Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) are cheap … allow funds manager to earn in bearish markets and therefore, short ETFs offer a competitive hedging possibility. To get … some insights in the value of short ETF as instrument for 'perfect' hedging, empirical data of the German stock index DAX …

variables to quantify the university activity, we deduce what kind of management changes may improve the expenditure efficiency. …