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the ARDL bound testing indicate the presence of cointegration relationships among the variables. The estimated long …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010933324
economy. We have applied the ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration developed by Pesaran et al. (2001) to examine its …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010931022
cointegration among the series. In the long run, trade openness promotes economic growth. The growth-led-trade hypothesis is …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010588208
this purpose, we apply the bounds testing approach to cointegration between the variables. We establish the presence of …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010719363
In this paper, we investigate the causal relationship between defense spending and economic growth in Portugal during the period of 1980–2010. We apply the ARDL bounds testing approach in the presence of structural break. The ARDL–ECM estimation results disclose that the relations between...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010719417
Income hypothesis in Pakistan by applying the ARDL approach to cointegration. The findings of this paper validate the …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010719423
investigated by the ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration, and error correction method (ECM) is applied to examine the …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011048908