This article tests the relationship between openness and income inequality in openness Kuznets curve framework. The … Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) estimator is employed to establish the long run relationship between openness and … income inequality. We add to the literature by noting that Kuznets curve fits the relationship between openness and income …

We examine the effect of research and development (R&D) on long-term economic growth using the Bayesian model averaging … dozens of regressors on long-term growth, but they did not examine the effect of R&D due to data unavailability. We extend …, the estimates show that R&D exerts a positive effect on long-term growth. This result is robust to many different …

An extensive literature stresses that currency misalignments are costly in terms of growth performance. However, these …

In this paper, we investigate the robustness of the relationship between trade openness and long-run economic growth … a systematic manner. We find no evidence that trade openness is directly and robustly correlated with economic growth in … different trade openness proxies and none of the proxies is robustly associated with economic growth. The data evidence also …

Given its significant policy implications, the nexus between public expenditures and economic growth has been the … and economic growth is examined in this paper using both linear and nonlinear causality tests. Both spending on highways … instruments and as stimuli to economic growth. Findings reported herein from both linear and non-linear causality tests offer …

possible relationships between military expenditure and economic growth. Based on the definitions of income levels by the World … Bank – high, middle and low – our results indicate military spending leads negatively economic growth for the panels of low … expenditure to economic growth is found for the Europe and Middle East–South Asia regions. …

that there exists a threshold effect between the two variables: different levels of economic growth bear different impacts … the low economic growth regime, economic growth negatively affects oil CO2 emissions growth; in the medium economic growth … regime, however, economic growth positively impacts oil CO2 emissions growth; and in the high economic growth regime, the …