Product (GDP) for the major developed countries. Considering the limitation of a linear Granger causality test in detecting … test show that this new variable contains useful information to forecast GDP for the US, the UK, and Australia, suggesting … that we may include it as a forecasting variable in GDP forecasting models, especially nonlinear models, for these three …

indicates unidirectional causality running from energy consumption to GDP for the United Kingdom, while a bidirectional … causality between energy consumption and GDP is found for Canada, France, Japan and United States. On the other hand, Kyrtsou …–Labys test shows that a unidirectional causality runs from energy consumption to GDP for France and the United States, and from …

money supply, and to a lesser extent, exchange rates and GDP. …

check the adjustment process of health care expenditure to changes in per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and its …