Die Bilanz der Bundesbank und jene anderer Notenbanken des Euroraums weisen aktuell hohe "operative" Verluste auf, bedingt durch die Diskrepanz aus den weiterhin niedrig verzinsten Wertpapierbeständen aus Anleihekäufen und den mittlerweile höher verzinsten Einlagen der Geschäftsbanken. Indes...

Monetary policy currently has only limited room for manoeuvre to fight inflation. Structural supply problems, war and past omissions are having an impact. Inflation is hitting those hardest who cannot pass on the price increase. There is no evidence of a wage-price spiral in Germany at present....

The German hyperinflation in 1923 was caused by monetary financing of the highly deficient German state budget by a de-pendent central bank. The social and economic consequences of the hyperinflation were disastrous. Combined with an instable politi-cal atmosphere, paving the way for the rise of...

This paper examines the historical evolution of central bank credibility using both historical narrative and empirics for a group of 16 countries, both advanced and emerging. It shows how the evolution of credibility has gone through a pendulum where credibility was high under the classical gold...

Central banks have evolved for close to four centuries. This paper argues that for two centuries central banks caught up to the strategies followed by the leading central banks of the era; the Bank of England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and the Federal Reserve in the twentieth...

Criticism of the Target system by a group of central European scholars has become a widespread argument against the policies of the European Central Bank and even the integrity of the monetary union, and even standard fare in the media and in the political debate in Germany. Most academics and...