The Global Resource Accounting Model (GRAM) is an environmentally-extended multi-regional input--output model, covering 48 sectors in 53 countries and two regions. Next to CO₂ emissions, GRAM also includes different resource categories. Using GRAM, we are able to estimate the amount of carbon...

The EU recently emphasised the need to speed up the pace of reforms to improve the state of the environment both in Europe and internationally. This becomes in particular challenging, as the "Lisbon Strategy" defines the general goal of an annual economic growth rate of 3%. Decoupling of...

In the last few years, a number of studies have been presented that link material flow accounting and input-output analysis (based on monetary input-output tables) for the calculation of direct and indirect resource inputs for production and consumption activities. The compilation of the first...