The Global Resource Accounting Model (GRAM) is an environmentally-extended multi-regional input--output model, covering 48 sectors in 53 countries and two regions. Next to CO₂ emissions, GRAM also includes different resource categories. Using GRAM, we are able to estimate the amount of carbon...

This paper concentrates on the integration of pollution abatement techniques for NO x emissions into the environmentally enlarged input-output model PANTA RHEI II for West Germany. The use of available abatement technologies is explained by emission prices, investment and technological factors...

Policy simulations for national economies with econometric models, in general, are done using a standalone national model with exogenous export values and import prices. In a globalised world, such an exercise is critical, since the policy in question may change the export prices and the import...