This paper introduces the rest of this issue of Economic Systems Research, which is dedicated to the contributions of Sir Richard Stone, Michael Bacharach, and Philip Israilevich. It starts out with a brief history of biproportional techniques and related matrix balancing algorithms. We then...

Recent work by Jackson (1998) subtly pointed out a means of forming direct input coefficient matrices from national technology that is different from that published elsewhere. In this paper, I rationalize his approach and also point out that prior approaches may still be useful in certain...

A wide range of approaches are available for classifying coefficients according to their importance to an economy. The 'tolerable limits' approach is one that has been extensively written about. Nevertheless, it seems unsuitable for assessing the overall importance of a coefficient to an...

This year marks the 25th anniversary of the International Input--Output Association and the 25th volume of <italic>Economic Systems Research</italic>. To celebrate this anniversary, a group of eight experts provide their views on the future of input--output. Looking forward, they foresee progress in terms of...

China has relied on energy to stimulate its booming economy. As a result, its share of world energy consumption rose to 17.3% in 2009 from 7.9% in 1978. Somewhat surprisingly, through 2000 its rate of energy consumption was about half its rate of economic growth. This trend changed after 2001 as...

In this paper, we generalize hypothetical extraction techniques. We suggest that the effect of certain economic phenomena can be measured by removing them from an input-output (I-O) table and by rebalancing the set of I-O accounts. The difference between the two sets of accounts yields the...