The purpose of this note is to shed some light on the relationship between the Copeland rule and the Condorcet principle in those cases where there does not exist a Condorcet winner. It will be shown that the Copeland rule ranks alternatives according to their distances to being a Condorcet...

Assignments of weak orders to complete binary relations are considered. Firstly, it is shown that assigning the transitive closure of a complete binary relation does not always assign the closest weak order according to any reasonable metric on complete binary relations. It is then shown that...