"In this paper we provide some evidence on when central banks have shifted from expansionary to contractionary monetary policy after a recession has ended-the exit strategy. We examine the relationship between the timing of changes in several instruments of monetary policy and the timing of...

"By the early 1960s, outstanding U.S. dollar liabilities began to exceed the U.S. gold stock, suggesting that the United States could not completely maintain its pledge to convert dollars into gold at the official price. This raised uncertainty about the Bretton Woods parity grid, and...

"Our paper examines Charles Goodhart's work on the history of monetary institutions: central bank operations under the gold standard, their behaviour in relation to the financial system in which they functioned, including their responses to banking crises, and their performance as lenders of...