How can the impact of aid be estimated in the presence of fungibility? And how far does fungibility reduce its benefits? These questions are analyzed in a context where a donor wants to target its efforts on a specific sector and specific geographic areas. A traditional...

This paper examines historically the World Bank's twin features: lending to developing economies to achieve tangible results and advocating specific development policies. Section 1 provides some conceptual underpinnings for the view that an effective state is essential for development. It asks...

The OECD-DAC Survey on forward spending plans is the only regular process that brings together most bilateral and multilateral aid spending plans up to 3 years ahead at the global level. The Survey traces country programmable aid (CPA), a core subset of gross bilateral overseas development aid...

The OECD-DAC Survey on forward spending plans is the only regular process that brings together most bilateral and multilateral aid spending plans up to 3 years ahead at the global level. The Survey traces country programmable aid (CPA), a core subset of gross bilateral overseas development aid...

This paper assesses whether the level of taxation of motor fuel is broadly appropriate in a group of countries (OECD, BRICs and South Africa) accounting for more than 80 percent of world greenhouse gas emissions. The analysis deals with emissions from oil combustion in transport, which account...