The Maastricht inflation criterion, designed in the early 1990s to bring ""high-inflation"" EU countries in line with ""low-inflation"" countries prior to the introduction of the euro, poses challenges for both new EU member countries and the European Central Bank. While the criterion has...

The Great Recession affected export and import patterns in our sample countries, and these changes, coupled with a more volatile external environment, have profound impact on our estimates of real exchange rate misalignments and projections of sustainable real exchange rates. We find that real...