In most of the current debate on regionalism versus multilateralism, the countries excluded from a Preferential Trading Agreement (PTA) are assumed to be passive players with exogenously fixed trade policies. In reality however, non-members do react to the creation of a trading bloc and relaxing...

Cost analysis of Columbus' first trip to America. The total cost was about 2.000.000 maravedis (1 ounce of gold = 300 maravedis) and have been financed by the king and Quinn of Spain, Greeks, Colombus family, people from Spain, Portugal, Italy and England. (1 dinero = 1,5 maraveids and 1 ducat =...

This is a paper about the economics of the Battle of Lepando (Nafpaktos) in Greece during the year 1571, when the Western League entered into a decisive naval battle with the Ottomans. The western ships, with the help of Greeks, won this naval Battle. In this naval battle the Western League...

Research contains many ancient texts (Ancient Greek, Hebrews, Hieroglyphs, Assyrian, Sumerian, Babylonian, Latin, etc.). 1. (MICRO-MACRO ECONOMICS OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT (5 vols + cdrom). Microeconomics and macroeconomics of Alexander the Great. Economic theories, feasibilities, economic...

This study analyzes the 2001 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and the National Health Insurance Research Dataset (NHIRD) in Taiwan to evaluate the impact of eating behavior on outpatient service utilization and expenditure using a two-part model. Our empirical analysis suggests that...

Use of public humiliation as a deterrent to crime has a long history as does the debate over its effectiveness. A recent rule change in college football presents a natural experiment to test the effectiveness of so-called shaming penalties. In 2004 the National Collegiate Athletic Association...

Standard economic analysis assumes the sets of public and private goods to be exogenously given. Yet societies very often choose the public-private mix, using resources to convert seemingly private goods into ones with public goods characteristics and vice versa. In practice, we see a...

This paper compares the technical efficiency of Brazilian public and private companies in water supply. To measure efficiency a stochastic production frontier model is estimated using two competitive distributions for the inefficiency error component: truncated normal and exponential. The...

The paper explores the effects of shadow economy on tax revenues, in the case of several African countries, based on a panel-model approach. The dataset covers the period 1999-2007. The main results reveal that the change in shadow economy has a significant and negative impact on change in tax...

This note considers the provision of incentives in public organizations that face the following three constraints. First, no lateral entry is possible. Second, the outside opportunities of bureaucrats are independent of their performance. Third, the organization cannot design incentive schemes...