This note gives a simple proof of the existence and monotonicity of optimal debt contracts in simple models of borrowing and lending with ex-post asymmetric information, risk-averse agents and heterogeneous beliefs. Our argument is based on the concept of nondecreasing rearrangement and on a...

This paper generalizes a costly state verification model à la Townsend (1979) along two dimensions: 1) diversity of opinion and 2) endogenous formation of a financial intermediary, modeled as a multi-lender coalition. Main results are 1) lenders forming the coalition are neither too optimistic...

This note gives a simple proof of the existence and monotonicity of optimal debt contracts in simple models of borrowing and lending with ex-post asymmetric information, risk-averse agents and heterogeneous beliefs. Our argument is based on the concept of nondecreasing rearrangement and on a...

This paper generalizes a costly state verification model à la Townsend (1979) along two dimensions: 1) diversity of opinion and 2) endogenous formation of a financial intermediary, modeled as a multi-lender coalition. Main results are 1) lenders forming the coalition are neither too optimistic...